The National Bureau of Statistics said the year-on-year inflation rate rose to 9.4 percent from 9.0 percent in March. The inflation rate had been declining steadily after hitting 12.7 percent in October 2009.
The NBS said food inflation rose to 9.8 percent from 9.7 percent a month earlier while fuel, power and water prices were 19.9 percent higher than in April 2009, up from a 16.3 percent annual rise in March.
The government is aiming for an inflation rate of 6 percent by June, although analysts have cautioned this target may be hard to hit due to rising fuel prices and expected increases in government spending ahead of elections in October.
TYPICAL THERE THE FOLLOWING WAYS TO CONTROL THE INFLATION
ReplyDeletea) Monetary Policy- it used to control inflation which caused by money supply and circulation. Kuna tools mbalimbali zinatotumika katika monetary policy ambazo ni;
i. Discount rate –hiki ni kiwango cha riba ambacho kinatozwa kwa mabenki yanapoazima pesa toka central banks (bank kuu). Kunapokuwa na inflation inayotokana na kuwa na pesa nyingi kwenye mzunguko central banks zinaweza kuongeza kiwango hiki cha riba na hivyo kupunguza ukopaji wa pesa.
ii. Open market operations (OMO)-Njia hii inahusisha benki kuu kuuza T-bill and T-bonds kwa umma (watu binafsi na makampuni). Kwa kufanya hivyo pesa zinatoka mikononi kwa umma na hivyo kupunguza uwingi wa pesa kwenye mzunguko. Tanzania hutumia zaidi njiaa hii ukilinganisha na njia nyingine(OMO is the principal instrument for monetary policy in Tanzania) Njia hii huweza kutumiwa pia na serikali to finance temporary shortfall in budeget
iii. Reserve ratio- inahusisha kiwango cha pesa ambacho commercial benki zainatakiwa kuwa nacho against deposits zake kwenye central bank. Wakati wa mfumko wa bei central bank huongeza reserve ratio. Benki kuu ya Tanzania haitumii sana njia hii kutokana na kusababisha uncertainities kwa mabenki zinakazotokana na kubadili kwa reserve ratio mara kwa mara.
b) Fiscal Policy- Hii inahusisha matumizi ya serikali na kodi zinazotozwa na serikali (governmrnt expenditures and taxes). Inflation inaweza kudhibitiwa kwa kupunguza matumizi ya serikali na kuongeza viwango vya kodi.
Njia nyingine zinazoweza kutumika ni pamoja na ku control population, idadi ya watu ikipungua itapelekea kupungua kwa demand ya bidhaa na hivyo bei kushuka. Njia nyingine ni regulatory kama ambavyo EWURA imekuwa ikifanya kwenye bei ya mafuta.
Ningependa kurejea kuwa ni njia ipi itumike itatokana na kisabishi cha inflation. Kwa inflation iliyopo Tanzania toka mwaka jana about 12% na mpaka sasa about 9% sababu kubwa ni bei kubwa ya chakuala inayotokana na uzalishaji mdogo kutokana na ukame. Sababu nyingine kubwa ni kupanda kwa bei ya mafuta ghafi katika soko la dunia.
Kwa upande wa bei za chakula moja kati ya mikakati ya serikali ni pamoja na Kilimo Kwanza. Serikali imeamua kwa makusudi kuongeza bajeti ya Kilimo na kutoa ruzuku kwa wakulima wadogo katika mikoa karibu yote wakiwemo wale wanaotumia umwagiliaji katika kilimo chao.
Namalizia kwa kusema kuna njia nyingi za kudhibiti mfumko wa bei kama nilivyojaribu kueleza hapo juu, njia gani itumike hutegemea mlipuko wa bei unasababishwa na kitu gani. Kuna kipindi ambacho njia zaidi ya moja inaweza kutumika kwa wakati mmoja.
niambieni ma analyst na Watanzania wote tufanyaje tu control it?